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📊 50 Essential Excel Formulas Every Professional Should Know

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Unlock the full potential of Excel with these must-know formulas. Whether you're analyzing data, automating tasks, or creating reports, mastering these functions will elevate your spreadsheet skills.


🔢 Basic Calculations

  • SUM: =SUM(A1:A5) – Adds up values in a range.

  • AVERAGE: =AVERAGE(A1:A10) – Calculates the mean of a range.

  • COUNT: =COUNT(A1:A10) – Counts the number of numeric entries.

  • MAX: =MAX(A1:A10) – Finds the highest value.

  • MIN: =MIN(A1:A10) – Finds the lowest value.(Coursera)


🔍 Lookup & Reference

  • VLOOKUP: =VLOOKUP(B1, A2:D10, 3, FALSE) – Searches for a value in the first column and returns a value in the same row from another column.

  • HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(B1, A1:D10, 3, FALSE) – Searches for a value in the first row and returns a value in the same column from another row.

  • INDEX: =INDEX(A1:A10, 3) – Returns the value of a cell in a specified row and column.

  • MATCH: =MATCH(B1, A1:A10, 0) – Searches for a specified value in a range and returns its relative position.

  • INDEX-MATCH: =INDEX(A1:A10, MATCH(B1, C1:C10, 0)) – Combines INDEX and MATCH for more flexible lookups.(Coursera)


🧠 Logical Functions

  • IF: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No") – Returns one value if a condition is true and another if false.

  • AND: =AND(A1 > 5, A1 < 10) – Returns TRUE if all conditions are true.

  • OR: =OR(A1 = "apple", A1 = "banana") – Returns TRUE if any condition is true.

  • NOT: =NOT(A1 = "apple") – Reverses the logic of its argument.

  • IFERROR: =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error") – Returns a custom result when a formula generates an error.(Coursera)


📝 Text Functions

  • CONCATENATE: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1) – Joins two or more text strings into one.

  • LEFT: =LEFT(A1, 5) – Extracts the leftmost characters from a text string.

  • RIGHT: =RIGHT(A1, 5) – Extracts the rightmost characters from a text string.

  • MID: =MID(A1, 2, 3) – Extracts characters from the middle of a text string.

  • LEN: =LEN(A1) – Returns the number of characters in a text string.(Nicolas Boucher Online)


📅 Date & Time

  • TODAY: =TODAY() – Returns the current date.

  • NOW: =NOW() – Returns the current date and time.

  • YEAR: =YEAR(A1) – Extracts the year from a date.

  • MONTH: =MONTH(A1) – Extracts the month from a date.

  • DAY: =DAY(A1) – Extracts the day from a date.


📐 Statistical Functions

  • ROUND: =ROUND(A1, 2) – Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

  • COUNTIF: =COUNTIF(A1:A10, "apple") – Counts the number of cells that meet a specified condition.

  • SUMIF: =SUMIF(A1:A10, ">5") – Adds the cells that meet a specified condition.

  • AVERAGEIF: =AVERAGEIF(A1:A10, "<>0") – Calculates the average of cells that meet a specified condition.

  • RANK: =RANK(A1, A1:A10, 1) – Returns the rank of a number in a list.


🔄 Data Transformation

  • TRANSPOSE: =TRANSPOSE(A1:D10) – Changes the orientation of a range of cells.

  • OFFSET: =OFFSET(A1, 1, 2) – Returns a reference to a range that is a specified number of rows and columns from a cell or range of cells.

  • PIVOT TABLE: =PIVOT_TABLE(A1:D10, "Sales", "Region", "Sum") – Summarizes data from a range by creating a pivot table.(Coursera)


🎯 Bonus Formulas

  • RAND: =RAND() – Returns a random number between 0 and 1.

  • CHOOSE: =CHOOSE(B1, "Option 1", "Option 2", "Option 3") – Chooses a value from a list of values based on an index number.


For a comprehensive visual guide, download the full Excel Formulas Cheat Sheet here: (Coursera)


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